ABSTRACT
A partir de 2008, o Brasil tornou-se o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo, mantendo-se nessa posição desde essa época. A Bahia, por sua vez, situou-se, em 2014, como o oitavo estado brasileiro de maior comercialização de agrotóxicos e o primeiro da região Nordeste. Nesse contexto, não surpreende que o agrotóxico seja a terceira maior causa de intoxicação no país e no estado. Apesar da gravidade da situação, a Bahia tem poucas informações sistematizadas sobre agrotóxicos. Os conhecimentos existentes encontram-se dispersos em diversas áreas do setor da saúde e em outros setores. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma ferramenta que disponibiliza informações estruturadas e de fácil acesso aos profissionais de saúde, gestores e comunidade, possibilitando a eles o conhecimento sobre a distribuição dos casos de intoxicação aguda por agrotóxico por macrorregiões, regiões de saúde e municípios. Trata-se do Caderno de Avaliação e Monitoramento da Atenção Básica (Camab), elaborado pela Coordenação de Avaliação e Monitoramento (Coam) da Diretoria de Atenção Básica (DAB) e divulgado no site da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. A elaboração do Camab foi uma estratégia importante para dar maior visibilidade às questões relacionadas aos agrotóxicos no âmbito da DAB e, consequentemente, nos municípios por ela apoiados. Por fim, acredita-se que o acesso a informações em tempo hábil contribui para o fortalecimento da vigilância e o desenvolvimento das ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos junto às populações expostas ao potencial risco de intoxicação por agrotóxicos.
From 2008 onwards, Brazil became the world's largest consumer of pesticides. Moreover, Bahia was ranked the eighth Brazilian state with the largest pesticide commercialization in 2014 and the first in the Northeast Region so that, not surprisingly, pesticides are the third leading cause of poisoning in the country and state. Despite the severity of the situation, information on pesticides are little systematized in Bahia, and the available information is dispersed across different health sectors as well as in other fields. This study aims to present a tool that provides structured and easily accessible information on cases of acute pesticide poisoning by macro-regions, health regions, and municipalities to health professionals, managers, and the overall community: the Primary Care Monitoring and Evaluation Booklet (CAMAB). Prepared by the Monitoring and Evaluation Coordination (COAM) of the Primary Care Board (DAB) and published on the website of the Health Department of the State of Bahia, the CAMAB was an important strategy to give greater visibility to pesticide-related issues within the scope of DAB and municipalities supported by it. Timely access to information contributes to the strengthening of surveillance and the development of actions aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases together with populations exposed to the potential risk of poisoning by pesticides.
Desde 2008, Brasil se convirtió en el mayor consumidor de plaguicidas del mundo y ha mantenido esta posición. El estado brasileño de Bahía, en 2014, se ubicó en el octavo puesto con mayor comercialización de plaguicidas y en el primer de la región Nordeste. En este contexto, no es de extrañar que los plaguicidas sean la tercera causa principal de intoxicación en el país y el estado. A pesar de la gravedad de la situación, existe poca información sistematizada sobre plaguicidas en Bahía. Los datos existentes están dispersos en varias áreas del sector salud y en otros sectores. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una herramienta que brinde información estructurada y de fácil acceso a los profesionales de la salud, los gestores y la comunidad, que les permita conocer la distribución de los casos de intoxicación aguda por plaguicidas por macrorregiones, regiones sanitarias y municipios. Se trata del Cuaderno de Evaluación y Seguimiento de Atención Primaria (Camab), elaborado por la Coordinación de Evaluación y Seguimiento (Coam) de la Junta de Atención Primaria (DAB) y publicado en la página web de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Bahía. La elaboración del Camab fue una estrategia importante para dar mayor visibilidad a los temas relacionados con plaguicidas en el ámbito de la DAB y, en consecuencia, en los municipios apoyados por la misma. Finalmente, el acceso oportuno a la información debe de contribuir al fortalecimiento de la vigilancia y al desarrollo de acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades junto con las poblaciones expuestas al riesgo potencial de intoxicación por plaguicidas.
Subject(s)
Poisoning , Primary Health Care , Agrochemicals , Access to InformationABSTRACT
Objective To explore the influencing factors of deliberated acute pesticide poisoning (APP), so as to provide prevention and health promotion for the disease. Methods The deliberated APP patients related factors questionnaire was used to investigate deliberated APP and non-deliberated APP patients. The data was analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling. Results APP was directly affected by cognitive factors, psychological factors and social environment factors. Their standardized regression coefficients were -0.831, -0.752 and -0.469 respectively. Cognitive factors had a direct effect on psychological factors and social environment factors. APP was affected indirectly by cognitive deviation, absolutization, copying manner, social support, pesticide management and negative life events. Their standardized regression coefficients were 0.757, 0.541, 0.773, 0.576, 0.824 and 0.782, respectively. Conclusions Paying attention to the influencing factors for deliberated APP patients, improving sociological influencing factors, improving coping style and provide social support and strengthen pesticide management is benefided to reduce the incidence of APP.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el amplio uso de los plaguicidas químicos en la agricultura propicia la exposición semejante de mujeres y hombres a estos productos. Los riesgos por exposición a plaguicidas, tales como los de toxicidad aguda y crónica, efectos inmunológicos, hormonales, endocrinos y sobre la reproducción, no han recibido atención suficiente a nivel mundial. Objetivo: caracterizar los reportes al Centro Nacional de Toxicología de mujeres en edad fértil expuestas a plaguicidas entre 2009 y 2013. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en una serie de 402 mujeres, se analizaron las variables edad, circunstancia, gravedad de la intoxicación y tipo de pesticida. Resultados: las mujeres en edad fértil atendidas representaron la mitad del total de expuestas, con edad promedio de 30,3 años, la mayor incidencia fue de los eventos leves con fines suicidas. Los plaguicidas más involucrados pertenecen al grupo otros/varios. Conclusiones: las mujeres más afectadas fueron las del grupo 12 a 24 años de edad, con intoxicaciones intencionales suicidas de leve intensidad, ocasionadas por plaguicidas del grupo otros/varios(AU)
Introduction: The widespread use of chemical pesticides in agriculture lead to similar exposure of women and men to these products. Risks from exposure to pesticides, such as acute and chronic toxicity, immunological, hormonal, endocrine and reproductive effects, have not received sufficient global attention. Objective: Characterize the reports to the National Center for Toxicology of women of childbearing age exposed to pesticides between years 2009 and 2013. Methods: An observational study was conducted in a sample of 402 women, in which the following variables were studied; age, circumstance, severity of intoxication and type of pesticide. Results: Women of childbearing age accounted for half of the total number of patients exposed, with a mean age of 30,3 years, with milder events being suicidal. The pesticides most involved belong to the group others/various. Conclusions: The most affected women were those in the 12 to 24 years of age, with intentional poisonings of mild intensity caused by pesticides of the group others/various(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Poison Control Centers , Pesticide Exposure , Fertile Period/metabolismABSTRACT
To determine the relationship between the oral ingestion volume of xylene and methyl hippuric acid (MHA) in urine, we measured MHA in 11 patients whose ingested xylene volume was identified. The best-fit equation between urine MHA and ingested amount of xylene was as follows: y (ingested amount of xylene, mL/kg) = −0.052x² + 0.756x (x = MHA in urine in g/g creatinine). From this equation, we estimated the ingested xylene volume in 194 patients who had ingested pesticide of which the formulation was not available. Our results demonstrated that oxadiazole, dinitroaniline, chloroacetamide, organophosphate, and pyrethroid were xylene-containing pesticide classes, while the paraquat, glyphosate, glufosinate, synthetic auxin, fungicide, neonicotinoid, and carbamate classes were xylene-free pesticides. Sub-group univariate analysis showed a significant association between MHA levels in urine and ventilator necessity in the pyrethroid group. However, this association was not observed in the organophosphate group. Our results suggest that MHA in urine is a surrogate marker for xylene ingestion, and high urine MHA levels may be a risk factor for poor clinical outcome with some pesticide poisoning.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biomarkers , Eating , Indoleacetic Acids , Paraquat , Pesticides , Poisoning , Respiratory Insufficiency , Risk Factors , Ventilators, Mechanical , XylenesABSTRACT
Las intoxicaciones agudas por plaguicidas ocupan un lugar importante, precedidas solo por las reportadas por alimentos y medicamentos. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar las intoxicaciones por plaguicidas consultadas al Centro Nacional de Toxicología en La Habana. Es un informe sobre los resultados de las 627 consultas atendidas a través del servicio de urgencia del centro durante el período 2007-2008. Se tuvieron en cuenta factores clínico epidemiológicos, como edad, sexo, circunstancias del evento, provincia de procedencia, fecha de ocurrencia y tipo de agente involucrado en el evento. Predominaron los intoxicados adultos, hombres y de circunstancia intencional, comúnmente por insecticidas organofosforados en las provincias La Habana y Holguín, con notificación uniforme de casos durante el período excepto en Holguín en abril por intoxicación masiva ocurrida en ese territorio.
Acute pesticide poisonings have an important place, preceded only by food and medicine reported. The objective of this work is to characterize pesticide poisoning assisted at the National Poison Control Center in Havana. This is a report on the study results of 627 cases treated at the emergency service center from 2007-2008. Clinical epidemiological factors were considered, such as age, sex, circumstances of the event, province of origin, date of occurrence and type of agent involved in the event. Intoxicated male adults predominated, as well as intentional circumstances by organophosphate insecticides poisoning in Havana and Holguin provinces. Uniform reporting of cases during the period was performed except in Holguín in April due to mass poisoning occurred in that territory.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pesticides have been used widely in not only around the world but also Vietnam; however, their misuse can cause many serious health problems. For this reasons, it is necessary to closely monitor the use of pesticides and their effects on the health of farmers. Objectives: To describe the kinds of pesticides, the symptoms and related factors of acute pesticide poisoning among flowers planters. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional analytic design was applied with a sample of 107 households in the Hong Ha 1 and Hong Ha 2 village of My Tan commune, My Loc district, Nam Dinh province from November 2005 to February 2006. \r\n', u'Results: There were various types of pesticide that were being sprayed in the flower planting villages. Almost all types were moderately hazardous. 85% of farmers experienced at least 1 symptom of acute poisoning after spraying pesticides. The most common symptoms were headache, dizziness, rash (accounting for 45-58%), followed by red eyes and musculoskeletal symptoms (approximate 40%). The effects of pesticides to the farmer\u2019s health were proved with the typical symptoms of toxicity, especially headache, irritation of the face, red eyes. The percentages of self-reported toxicity symptoms were associated with sex, age groups, following manual and pesticide exposure. Conclusion: The results suggested that various interventions is required in order to change the knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use among farmers in general and flowers planters in particularly.\r\n', u'
Subject(s)
PesticidesABSTRACT
A retrospective study was carried out on 94 children (from 2 months to 15 years of age) with acute pesticide poisoning treated in HCM city Children Hospital N01 from Jan 1997 to 1 Mar 2002. Result showed, it was a rate of 9.2% in comparing with total number of all poisoning cases, among them there was 33 cases of suicide in children (35.1%). Male/female ratio was 1.3/1. Most of poisonous cases were due to insecticides, and the most common cause was organic phosphore and carbamat, however paraquat was the most common killer. 100% of victims lived in rural regions and the cases accidented indoor or in near environment. For treating it needs informations, manual material on pesticide, available in emergency rooms to early diagnose and to treat properly in time.